Violence by Collins Randall

Author:Collins, Randall
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Published: 2013-09-22T04:00:00+00:00

Figure 8.1 Masculine athlete in unviolent sport: pole-vault champion (2004). Reuters.

Wrestling is even more extreme in avoiding extra curricular violence.6 Skilled wrestlers operate at close range, where more violent moves of kicking and punching are virtually impossible to mount with any force; the standard wrestling moves involve taking down the opponent to the ground and then leveraging the other into a defenseless position on his back. Even relatively unskilled wrestlers generally know how to tie up the opponent and to stall; such a match tends to turn into a muscular endurance contest. The dramatic form here is rather simple, and instead of building up to peak moments of tension, tends to wind down into a gradual establishment of dominance, or near-stalemate. Highly skilled wrestlers can make sudden attacks and escapes; but the momentary result of each such move is generally to make the opponent more harmless. Thus wrestling, as the form of sport fighting that involves the most direct and prolonged muscle-on-muscle confrontation, is caged by its very form into confining fighting to the main lines of the event.

Player violence is most frequent in offensive/defensive combats organized as teams rather than individuals, even though the fights themselves are generally between individuals. This fits the general pattern that violence depends upon group support. There are two main features that predict violence: the extent to which violent moves, efforts, or threats are incorporated into the game action itself; and the extent to which players are protected from being hurt.

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